3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with 100 nM insulin in the presence or absence of the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 and the p90RSK inhibitor BI-D1870 and PMA in the presence of absence of PKC inhibitor Go6983 and p90RSK inhibitor BI-D1870, and AMPK activators A769662, AICAR and phenformin. NHE1 was immunoprecipitated using anti-NHE1 (Santa cruz) at 2 ug per mg of lysate and phosphorylation of NHE1 was detected using anti-NHE1 phsopho Ser 703.